What does the Integrated Perspective suggest about decision-making?

The Integrated Perspective in decision-making emphasizes the interconnectedness of various stakeholder interests and how their considerations can influence organizational success. Specifically, the notion that non-shareholders' interests can also benefit shareholders highlights the importance of a holistic approach to decision-making. It suggests that when organizations take into account the needs and interests of all stakeholders—such as employees, customers, suppliers, and the community—they can create value that ultimately enhances shareholder wealth.

This perspective recognizes that neglecting the interests of non-shareholders can lead to negative consequences, such as reduced employee morale, customer dissatisfaction, or negative public perception, which can harm the organization’s overall performance and, consequently, the interests of shareholders. By integrating the perspectives of all stakeholders, managers are better equipped to make decisions that lead to sustainable success and improve the bottom line.

In contrast, the other options present narrower viewpoints. Prioritizing only shareholders' interests often leads to short-term thinking that can undermine long-term viability. Claiming that all stakeholders should have an equal say overlooks the complexities of business dynamics, where not all stakeholder interests can be balanced equally at all times. Moreover, suggesting that managers should make decisions in isolation fails to recognize the collaborative nature of effective decision-making in a business environment, where multiple perspectives contribute