What is meant by "sampling" in research?

Sampling in research refers to the process of selecting a subset of individuals from a larger population with the intention of studying that subset in order to make conclusions about the entire population. This approach is necessary because it is often impractical, time-consuming, or costly to collect data from every individual within a population. By carefully selecting a representative sample, researchers can draw inferences about the population as a whole while conserving resources and time.

This method hinges on the idea that if the sample is representative, the findings can be generalized to the larger population. Techniques for selecting a sample include random sampling, stratified sampling, and systematic sampling, among others, each designed to minimize bias and ensure that the sample accurately reflects the demographic and characteristics of the population.

The other options refer to different concepts of data collection and analysis. Collecting data from every individual in a population would be known as a census rather than sampling. Analyzing existing data sets pertains to secondary research rather than primary sampling. Conducting interviews with experts is a specific qualitative research method and not inherently connected to the concept of sampling as it focuses on obtaining insights from individuals rather than representing a broader population.